Pseudo-interactive input processing in wireless environments

ABSTRACT

An electronic communication device includes a buffer and a controller. The buffer stores characters as they are being input by a user. The controller transmits the stored characters over a network when the number of characters stored exceeds a threshold. The controller also dynamically adjusts the threshold time period.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This is a continuation of U.S. Application Ser. No. 11/946374, filedNov. 28, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. Application Ser. No.10/289657, filed Nov. 7, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,319,860, bothapplications hereby incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This relates to wireless communications, and more particularly to inputprocessing in the wireless environment.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communications systems generally involve a plurality of mobileunits that send data to and receive data from stationary base stations.Such communications are typically packet based, with each sent packetcontaining payload data, error detection and correction data, andoverhead data such as information identifying the packet source anddestination. In bi-directional packet based communications systems, thedevice receiving a sent packet will often respond by transmitting anacknowledgment so that the sending device can confirm transmission.

Wireless e-mail and text messaging are growing in popularity. E-mailtends not to be very interactive in that an entire message, oftenseveral sentences long, is transmitted in one transmission to adestination where it waits to be retrieved by the recipient. Textmessaging systems tend to be more interactive, with typically shortmessages being exchanged between two or more devices in close to realtime. In some text messaging systems, input text is buffered and thensent as soon as a carriage return or other designated submit key ispressed. Some messaging systems are fully interactive in that eachcharacter is transmitted as soon as it is entered (for example a telnetsession). Both buffered line and fully interactive systems can haveshortcomings in high latency environments. In buffered line systems, thetransmitted block size tends to be large, resulting in delays while themobile transmitting unit waits for the transmission to be received,processed and acknowledged by the base station. Fully interactivecharacter-by-character transmission systems use smaller transmissionpackets, but each packet includes overhead and requires a transmittedacknowledgement from the base station for each character, which can beresource inefficient and also result in perceived delays at the mobileunit.

Accordingly, an input processing and transmission system that canprovide improved performance in a high latency wireless channel isdesired.

SUMMARY

According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided anelectronic communications device including a user input device forinputting characters; and buffering and communications systems forstoring in a buffer characters input by the user input device, andtransmitting the content of the buffer over a communications link whenthere is a pause in input by the user input device for a predeterminedtime duration. Preferably, the content of the buffer is also transmittedover the communications link when the amount of stored characters in thebuffer reaches a predetermined size and the content of the buffer isalso transmitted over the communications link when a predetermined inputis made by the user input device

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a methodfor transmitting information over a communications link from acommunications device having a user input device, comprising (a) storingcharacters input by the user input device in a buffer; (b) determiningif a threshold time has passed since a last character was input by theuser input device and if so: (i) transmitting the stored characters overthe communications link and (ii) clearing the buffer.

Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparentto those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the followingdescription of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction withthe accompanying Figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a communications system including amobile communications device to which the present invention may beapplied.

FIG. 2 is a general block diagram of the major software subsystemsimplemented on a microprocessor of the mobile communication device ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing text processing by the mobilecommunications device according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows a further text processing step according to a furtherembodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplarycommunications system including a mobile communications device 10 towhich the present invention may be applied. The mobile communicationsdevice 10 communicates via a wireless link 50, a wireless gateway 54 anda network 56 with a further computer device 58. The wireless link 50 maybe a high latency link, and may include a cellular network, an RFwireless network, a satellite network, or other type of network. Thewireless gateway 54 is connected to the network 56 to communicatethrough one or more antennas 52 with a plurality of mobile devices,including mobile communications device 10. The network 56 provides acommunications link between the computer device 58 and the wirelessgateway 54 and may include, among other things, wired or wireless links,the Internet, one or more intranets, routers, servers, firewalls andvarious combinations of the forgoing. Computer device 58 may be, amongother things, a conventional desktop personal computer or laptop orcould be a mobile computing device substantially identical to mobilecommunications device 10.

The mobile communication device 10 is a two-way communication devicehaving at least data communication capabilities and incorporates acommunication subsystem 11 for communicating via wireless link 50. Thecommunication subsystem includes a receiver 12, a transmitter 14, andassociated components such as one or more antenna elements 16 and 18,local oscillators (LOs) 13, and a processing module such as a digitalsignal processor (DSP) 20. As will be apparent to those skilled in thefield of communications, the particular design of the communicationsubsystem 11 will be dependent upon the communication network in whichthe device is intended to operate.

Signals received by the antenna 16 through wireless link 50 are input tothe receiver 12, which may perform such common receiver functions assignal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, channelselection, and analog to digital conversion. Demodulation and decodingof received signals is performed in a DSP 20. In a similar manner,signals to be transmitted are processed, including modulation andencoding for example, by the DSP 20 and input to the transmitter 14 fordigital to analog conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering,amplification and transmission over the wireless link 50 via the antenna18. The DSP 20 not only processes communication signals, but alsoprovides for receiver and transmitter control. For example, the gainsapplied to communication signals in the receiver 12 and transmitter 14may be adaptively controlled through automatic gain control algorithmsimplemented in the DSP 20.

The device 10 preferably includes a microprocessor 38 that controls theoverall operation of the device. Communication functions, including atleast data communications, are performed through the communicationsubsystem 11. The microprocessor 38 also interacts with further devicesubsystems such as a display 22, flash memory 24, random access memory(RAM) 26, keyboard 32, speaker 34, and possibly a microphone 36.

Operating system software used by the microprocessor 38 is preferablystored in a persistent store such as flash memory 24, which may insteadbe a read only memory (ROM) or similar storage element. Those skilled inthe art will appreciate that the operating system, specific deviceapplications, or parts thereof, may be temporarily loaded into avolatile store such as RAM 26. It is contemplated that receivedcommunication signals may also be stored to RAM 26.

The microprocessor 38, in addition to its operating system functions,preferably enables execution of software applications on the device. Apredetermined set of applications which control basic device operations,including at least data communication applications for example, willnormally be installed on the device 10 during manufacture. Furtherapplications may also be loaded onto the device 10 and installed by auser in the RAM 26 or preferably a non-volatile store (not shown) forexecution by the microprocessor 38.

In a data communication mode, a received signal such as a text messageor web page download will be processed by the communication subsystem 11and input to the microprocessor 38, which may further process thereceived signal for output to the display 22. A user of device 10 mayalso compose data items such as email and text messages for example,using the keyboard 32. Such composed items may then be transmitted overa communication network through the communication subsystem 11.

FIG. 4 shows some of the systems implemented by software running onmicroprocessor 38, including the operating system 60 and variousspecialized applications including a communications application 62 andan input buffer application 64. The operating system 60 coordinatesoperation of the specialized applications and communications with thevarious I/O systems such as the keyboard 32 and display 22. In oneembodiment, the operating system 60 passes information received from thekeyboard 32 to the input buffer application 64 and receives informationfrom the input buffer application 64 for the communications application62. Communications application 62 may be a conventional application thatacts as an interface between the microprocessor 38 and thecommunications subsystem 11.

The present invention relates primarily to a data communication mode ofthe device 10, and in particular to a text messaging mode of the device,and in this regard FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of pseudo-interactiveinput processing performed by the device 10 according to embodiments ofthe invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the user of device 10 useskeyboard 32 to enter a message that includes a plurality of characters,and the message is transmitted over communications link 50 andultimately to a receiving computer device 58. The keyboard 32 may be aconventional alphanumeric keyboard, for example a QWERTY keyboard madeup of a plurality of depressible keys or pads each associated with oneor more alphanumeric characters. Although the present description refersto a keyboard as the preferred input device, other types of character orsymbol input devices could be used in place of or in addition to akeyboard for user input of characters to the device 10, for example astylus activated on-screen virtual keyboard.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the input bufferapplication 64 is configured to store characters input by a user into ainput buffer 66 (FIG. 2) until either user input pauses for a thresholdtime or a threshold number of characters have been stored, after whichthe contents of the input buffer 66 are passed to the communicationsapplication 62 and sent over the wireless link 50. When entering atext-messaging mode, the input buffer application 64 performs aninitialization step causing the input buffer 66 and an input pause timerto be respectively cleared and set to zero (step 300-1, FIG. 3). Theinput buffer application 64 then checks to see if a symbol or characterhas been inputted through keyboard 32 (step 300-2).

If a keyboard input is detected, the input character is added to theinput buffer 66 and the input pause timer is reset (step 300-4). Usingtechniques well known in the art, the input character will also be addedto a display buffer and displayed on the display screen 22, providingthe user of the device 10 with visual feedback as to what charactershave been input. After adding the character to the input buffer andresetting the timer, the input buffer application checks to see if thebuffer length has reached a predetermined threshold, for example 150characters (step 300-5). If the threshold buffer length has not beenreached, the input buffer application 64 returns to step 300-2 to checkfor the next inputted character.

If in step 300-2 a determination is made that a user input has notoccurred, a check is performed to see if any characters are currentlystored in the input buffer 66 (step 300-2), and if the input buffer isempty the buffer application 32 immediately returns to step 300-2 tocheck again for input of a character. In the event that the input buffer66 is not empty in step 300-2, the input pause timer is incremented(step 300-3). Whenever the input pause timer is incremented, the inputbuffer application 64 checks to determine if the input pause timer hasreached or exceeded a predetermined threshold pause time, for example,one second (as measured since the time that the last character was addedto the input buffer 66) (step 300-6). If in step 300-6 the input pausetimer has not reached the threshold pause time, then the input bufferapplication 64 returns to step 300-2 to check for input of anothercharacter.

If either the input buffer length threshold is reached (step 300-5) orthe input pause time threshold reached (step 330-6), then the inputbuffer application 64 causes the contents of the input buffer 66 to bepassed on to the communications application 62 (step 300-7), whichpackages the character(s) that were contained in the input buffer asrequired for sending out by the communications subsystem 11 over thecommunications link 50. The input buffer application 64 then clears thecontent of the input buffer 66 and resets the input pause timer (step300-8) and returns to step 300-2 to check for the next inputtedcharacter.

In some embodiments, different events in addition to reaching athreshold buffer length or threshold input pause time could be used totrigger sending of the input buffer 66. By way of example, the device 10may be configured to permit the user to force sending of the inputbuffer, and in this regard FIG. 4 shows an additional process step 300-9that could be inserted between steps 300-2 and 300-4. In step 300-9,once an input is entered, the input buffer application 64 checks to seeif the input corresponds to a predetermined submit input (such as acarriage return or an “alt key-space key” combination for example). Ifso, the input buffer application immediately proceeds to step 300-7 tosend the buffer contents, and if not, continues to step 300-4.

It will thus be appreciated that the message to be transmitted fromdevice 10 is broken up and transmitted as discrete characters or stringsof characters. The microprocessor is configured to transmit the contentsof the input buffer when a) a predetermined duration of time has passedsince the last user input was entered into the buffer 66, or b) thenumber of characters stored in the buffer 66 reaches a predeterminedsize; or c) in the embodiment of FIG. 4, the user triggers atransmission by pressing a predetermined submit key or key combination.Once the content of the input buffer is transmitted, the buffer iscleared, the timer reset and the process starts again. In the event thatthe user inputs data without pausing, the message will be sent as groupsof characters that are no larger than the buffer threshold, and in thecase of slow input entry with pauses between character inputs, themessage will be sent as even smaller groups of characters or asindividual characters.

The present invention allows the device 10 to take advantage of pausesthat occur during keystroke entry and transmit data when such pausesoccur, which can help to alleviate perceived slow downs in deviceoperation that can occur when data is transmitted character by characteror in large blocks in a high latency channel. Input characters willtypically be transmitted in groups, and so the transmission overheadassociated with each character is reduced when compared to fullyinteractive systems in which characters are transmitted one at a time.On the other hand, the use of an input pause time threshold fortriggering transmission permits relatively small blocks of data to betransmitted when pauses in user input occur. The additional use of athreshold buffer size as a further transmission trigger ensured thattransmitted block size always stays within a predetermined level. Thus,the present invention offers a solution that may be advantageous for usein high latency channels. The process carried out by the input bufferapplication 64 should generally be imperceptible to the user enteringthe text message. Although described in the context of a wirelessdevice, the present invention could also be used in conjunction with awired communications link. The present invention could be used witheither fixed packet or variable packet size transmission protocols. Infixed packet systems, the buffer threshold may be set to the packetpayload size.

The buffer length and input pause time thresholds may be permanently setvalues or may, in some embodiments, be user adjustable such that thethresholds can be configured according to a specific user's preferences.A pause time threshold of approximately one second may be appropriate insome GPRS networks, with other pause times being more effective in othernetworks. In some embodiments, the device 10 could be configured todynamically adjust the input buffer threshold length and the input pausetime threshold in order to maximize performance based on, among otherthings, a) the packet size and packet overhead of the communicationsnetwork in which the device is used; b) the latency and bandwidth of thenetwork; c) the user's typing speed; and/or d) the processing resourcesavailable on the device.

In some applications, the microprocessor could be configured todisregard buffer length when determining if the input buffer contentshould be transmitted. In such a system, the input buffer content wouldbe transmitted when a user input pause of a predetermined duration hadoccurred, or if the user pressed a designated submit key or keycombination.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention are intended tobe examples only. Alterations, modifications and variations may beeffected to the particular embodiments by those skilled in the artwithout departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined bythe claims appended hereto.

1. An electronic communication device comprising: a buffer configured tostore characters as they are being input by a user; and a controllerconfigured to transmit the stored characters over a network when thenumber of characters stored exceeds a threshold, and to dynamicallyadjust the threshold.
 2. The device of claim 1 wherein the controller isconfigured to dynamically adjust the threshold based on packet size andpacket overhead of the network.
 3. The device of claim 1 wherein thecontroller is configured to dynamically adjust the threshold based onlatency and bandwidth of the network.
 4. The device of claim 1 whereinthe controller is configured to dynamically adjust the threshold basedon the user's typing speed in inputting the characters.
 5. The device ofclaim 1 wherein the controller is configured to dynamically adjust thethreshold based on processing resources available on the device.
 6. Amethod comprising: storing characters as the characters are being inputby a user; transmitting the stored characters over a network when thenumber of characters stored exceeds a threshold; and dynamicallyadjusting the threshold.
 7. The method of claim 6 wherein thedynamically adjusting step includes dynamically adjusting the thresholdbased on packet size and packet overhead of the network.
 8. The methodof claim 6 wherein the dynamically adjusting step includes dynamicallyadjusting the threshold based on latency and bandwidth of the network.9. The method of claim 6 wherein the dynamically adjusting step includesdynamically adjusting the threshold based on the user's typing speed ofinputting the characters.
 10. The method of claim 6 wherein thedynamically adjusting step includes dynamically adjusting the thresholdbased on processing resources available on the device.
 11. An electroniccommunication device comprising: a buffer configured to store user inputcharacters for an electronic message; and a controller configured totransmit the stored user input characters over a wireless network priorto input completion of the electronic message when a pause in the inputof characters exceeds a dynamically adjustable threshold time period.12. The device of claim 11 wherein the controller is configured todynamically adjust the threshold based on at least one of a transmissionpacket size and a transmission packet overhead.
 13. The device of claim11 wherein the controller is configured to dynamically adjust thethreshold based on at least one of a latency and a bandwidth of thenetwork.
 14. The device of claim 11 wherein the controller is configuredto dynamically adjust the threshold based on processing resourcesavailable on the device.
 15. A method comprising: storing characters foran electronic message as the characters are being input to a wirelesscommunication device by a user; transmitting the stored characters overa wireless network before the electronic message has been completelyinput when a pause in the input of characters exceeds a threshold; anddynamically adjusting the threshold.
 16. The method of claim 15 whereinthe dynamically adjusting step includes dynamically adjusting thethreshold based on packet size and packet overhead of the network. 17.The method of claim 15 wherein the dynamically adjusting step includesdynamically adjusting the threshold based on latency and bandwidth ofthe network.
 18. The method of claim 15 wherein the dynamicallyadjusting step includes dynamically adjusting the threshold based onprocessing resources available on the device.